Median Voter Process中间选民工艺

An agency will get the median or middle amount voted to it.一个机构将得到位数或中等数额投给它。 Half of the reps want to give it more; half want to give it less.一半以上的代表要给予更多;一半想给它较少。 So the median is the only amount with majority support.因此，中位数是唯一的金额与大多数人的支持。

MVP Qualities最有价值球员素质

If there is a disciplined majority group, they can determine every budget and other reps can influence nothing.如果有纪律的多数群体，他们可以决定每一个预算和其他代表能够影响什么。 So, like the common agenda process and other majority rules, MVP can result in skewed power -- but at least a mere plurality cannot control MVP funds. When there is no ruling majority, all reps have some power, making the results roughly balanced, central, and stable.因此，如共同议程的进程和其他多数的规则，最有价值球员可能会导致扭曲权力-但至少仅仅多元化无法控制的MVP资金。如果没有执政的多数，所有的代表，有一些权力，决策的结果大致平衡，中央，稳定。

An omnibus bill can entice a majority of reps to support a collection of items, each of which has only minority support. 综合条例草案可以吸引大多数代表支持的项目的集合，其中每一项只有少数人支持。 Sadly, such bills often include wasteful "pork" -- so councils should make them easy to trim.可悲的是，这种票据往往包括浪费“猪肉” -以便安理会应使其易于修剪。 The MVP process cannot prevent that unhealthy temptation, but it keeps a tight lid on the pot which raises the pressure on budgets and cooks some of the fat out. MVP的进程不能防止不健康的诱惑，但它保持了紧密盖子的锅引起的压力，预算和厨师一些脂肪了。

Notes: Expected revenue may include sales of government bonds (which many investment portfolios depend upon for stability) and budget items may include various tax rebates. 注 ：预期收入可能包括政府债券的销售（因为许多投资组合取决于稳定）和预算项目可能包括各种退税。 MVP also works for private organizations which distribute votes by wealth: a rich voter gets more than one vote for each budget item.最有价值球员还为私人组织分发选票财富：丰富的选民获得一票以上的每一个预算项目。

MVP Formulas 最有价值球员公式

Those with a feeling for math will note that the sum of the medians for all departments probably will not equal the overall budget.那些感觉数学会注意到的总和位数为所有部门可能不会平等的总体预算。 To fix that fairly, each department's median can be multiplied by the expected revenue divided by the sum of the medians.要解决这一相当，每个部门的中位数可乘以预期收入的总和除以的位数。 This is just the department's median minus a fraction of itself.这只是该部的中位数减一小部分本身。

In math terms, let B = B udget, i = i tem, M = M edian, and T = T otal.在数学方面，设B = B的udget ，我= 字母i透射电镜，男= M edian ，和T = Ť otal 。
Let B(i) be the budget for item i and M(i) be the median vote for i; let T(m) be the sum of all M(i) and R be the r evenue or funds available.设B （ i ）在预算项目1和M （ i ）在表决中位数为一;让Ť （米）的总和中（ I ）和R是的 R evenue或提供资金。 This adjustment formula is written:这是书面调整公式：

B(i) = M(i) * ( R / T(m) )乙（一） =中（一） * （注册商标/吨（ m ）段）

(On each ballot, a similar formula: （在每次投票中，一个类似的公式：

Anton Sherwood suggests another adjustment formula (Mn) and an analogy: To adjust the overall budget use each department's n ^th vote above or below the median vote. 安东舍伍德表明另一个调整公式（ Mn ）和一个比喻：如果要调整的总体预算使用每个部门的N ^次投票高于或低于中位数表决。 On a council of 99 reps, a median is the 50th largest vote for a department.在理事会的99名代表，中位数是50票的最大的一个部门。 If the sum of the medians exceeds the revenues, then each department gets the amount of its 49th-largest vote.如果总和超过位数的收入，那么每个部门的经费得到第49次大投票。 That way 50 reps say each department should get more, and 48 say less.这样， 50名代表说，每个部门应该得到更多，说不到48个。

Thus MVP in this form can require super majorities to support each department's budget.因此，在这种形式的MVP可以要求超级多数支持各部门的预算。 This favors items with a soft consensus, meaning many votes near the median.这有利于项目用柔软的共识，这意味着许多选票中位数附近。 (If vote trading raises total budgets over revenue, then all budgets drop down one voter, taking away the effect of one vote trade. This hurts mainly items which have not received trades.) （如果表决贸易提出总预算的收入，那么所有的预算下拉一个选民，带走了一票的影响贸易。这种伤害主要项目还没有收到交易。 ）

In math terms, let B = B udget, i = i tem, m = m edian and T = T otal.在数学方面，设B = B的udget ，我= 字母i透射电镜，男= 米 edian和T = Ť otal 。
Let B(i,n) be n ^th lowest amount chosen for budget item i; let T(n) be the sum over i of B(i,n).设B （ 1 ， n ）的是^第n最低数额的预算项目选择一;取t （ n ）的总和将超过一乙（ 1 ， n ）的。 Let k be the highest number such that T(k) is less than or equal to expected revenue. 设 K是人数最多的T等（金）是小于或等于预期收入。 If each budget item is enacted as B(i,k), then the budget is balanced, with no deficit but possibly a small surplus.如果每一个预算项目的颁布为B （一，钾） ，那么，预算是平衡的，没有赤字，但可能是一个小的盈余。

A Brick Analogy 砖混结构类比

Imagine that a rep is given a brick for each budget item.试想，一个代表被赋予砖的每一个预算项目。 She writes her proposed budget for the Labor Department on her Labor Department brick.她写她的概算劳工部她劳工部砖。 The Labor Department bricks from all 435 reps are stacked with the lowest proposed budget at the bottom and the highest at the top.美国劳工部砖头从所有435名代表堆叠最低概算底部和最高上方。 Each department or agency has its own stack.每一个部门或机构有自己的堆栈。

We throw away the top 217 (=435 divided by 2) bricks on each pile, because the numbers on them represent spending that does not have majority support.我们扔掉顶端217 （ = 435除以2 ）砖每桩，因为他们的人数占支出没有大多数人的支持。

Look at the new top layer of bricks and add up their numbers.看看新的最上层的砖，增加它们的数量。 Is the total more than expected revenue?总量是超过预期收益？ If so, throw away that layer and try again -- until you find a balanced budget.如果是的话，扔掉的层，然后再试一次-直到找到一个平衡的预算。 (Readers may find it more convenient but less invigorating to use a stack of 3 by 5 cards or a tally program.) （读者可能会觉得更方便，但少振兴使用堆栈的3 × 5卡或计数程序。 ）

Software软件

Vote Trading投票交易

MVP ballots do not measure the intensities of reps' opinions (as political cards do); but if reps have time, they may trade votes to help the things they care about most.最有价值球员投票不衡量强度的代表们的意见（如政治卡做） ;但是，如果代表没有时间，他们可以帮助贸易票的事情，他们最关心的。 A rep may show her certified first ballot to trading partners.阿代表可能会显示她的第一轮投票中，以核证的贸易伙伴。 She then inks in her second ballot together with each trading partner.然后，她油墨在她第二次投票结果与每个贸易伙伴。

The following tally shows opportunities for vote trading -- any pair of reps could raise each other's favorite.下面的统计显示机会投票贸易-对代表任何可能引起对方的喜爱。 The adjustment then would lower the third item to less than one.调整然后将降低的第三个项目，以不到1 。

This polarized electorate makes the addition and multiplication easy, but it is too bizarre to show how Sherwood's adjustment can work.这种两极分化使选民除了和乘法容易，但它太奇怪，显示舍伍德的调整可以工作。 In large groups, many votes often are near the median so any ballot can be removed with little affect on the item's budget by either adjustment formula.在大群体，许多票往往是附近的中位数，使任何选票可以去除几乎没有影响到该项目的预算，要么调整公式。 That shows the decision is strong, not by chance.这表明该决定是强有力的，不是偶然的。 Adjustment Mf reduces all items; adjustment Mn reduces those with few votes near the initial median.调整支原体降低所有项目;调整锰降低那些与附近的几个票初步位数。

Take a council with 15 reps from several parties.采取理事会的代表来自15多个缔约方。 The Blue's have 3 reps and the Grays have 6.蓝的有3名代表和格雷斯有6 。 Neither party has a majority so neither can fund anything on its own.双方都没有过半数，使基金既可以在自己的事情。 The Blue reps might offer to give $100 each to a department favored by the Grays.蓝色代表可以提供给100美元每一个部所喜爱的格雷斯。 The Grays can match that with $100 each to make its median $100.可以匹配的格雷斯说，每个100美元，使其位数100美元。 The Gray reps might be willing to give Blue's favorite department only $50 each, $300 total in exchange for Blue's $300.灰色代表可能愿意给蓝最喜爱的部门只有50美元， 300美元，以换取共蓝色的300美元。 But the median would be only $50 so the Blues might negotiate with other parties for a better deal.但是，中位数将只有50美元，使蓝军可能与其他各方进行谈判的一个更好的交易。

If there is another party with 6 reps, all 3 parties have equal power since any 2 can form a majority of 6 + 3.如果另一方有6名代表，全部3各方都享有平等的权力，因为任何2可以形成多数6 + 3 。 The small party is as necessary as the large.小方是必要的，因为大。 Thus under MVP, power is not always proportional to party size.因此，根据最有价值球员，电力并不总是成正比党大小。 Influence Points do better and fair-share spending does much better.影响点做得更好，公平分享开支不好多了。

MVP Network Voting Software 最有价值球员网络投票软件

MVP by Show of Hands 最有价值球员举手

Present proposals : 提出建议 ：
The meeting coordinator reads the mission statement before or after presentations.会议协调员读取任务声明之前或之后发言。
Agency sponsors suggest several spending levels and their benefits.提案建议几个机构的支出水平和他们的利益。

Introduce MVP : 引进的MVP ：
"You each have the entire budget, [24,000] dollars. “你都有整个预算， [ 24000 ]美元。
Divide that among the [19] departments.鸿沟，在[ 19 ]部门。
Each agency will be funded with the median amount voted for it.各机构将与中资数额投了赞成票。

Find decisive voters : 找到决定性的选民 ：
Write a low budget number for the agency.写一些低预算的机构。
Say "Raise your hand if you gave money to the agency.说： “举起手，如果你把钱给工程处。
Put your hand down when this number is more than your vote for the agency."把你的手，当这个数字超过您投票的机构。 “
Raise the number.提高一些。
Stop when the [8th] hand goes down.停止时， [ 8 ]另一方面会下降。
Ask that voter, "What did you budget for this?"要求选民， “你的预算呢？ ”
Write that amount on the board.收件这一数额的董事会。
Repeat for each agency.重复每个机构。

A vote above the median for an agency is excessive, wasted.投票中位数以上的机构过多，浪费了。
Reps may move excess funds to raise other budgets.代表可动议过剩的资金，以提高其他预算。

If there is time for vote trading, perhaps all ballots should be posted.如果有时间，投票贸易，或许所有选票应张贴。 Vote trading lets reps help the things they care most about.投票交易让代表帮助的事情，他们最关心的问题。

Collect and Verify the Ballots : 收集和核实票数 ：
Enter each ballot on a simple spreadsheet.输入每个投票一个简单的电子表格。
T otal a ballot's votes for all items. Ť otal投票的票的所有项目。
Adjust the V ote for each i tem on this ballot so the ballot's new total equals the overall B udget.调整的 V手每个 I透射电镜对本次投票，使投票的新总等于整体乙 udget 。
adjusted V(i) = V(i) * (B / T(1--n) )调整后的五（一） =五（一） * （乙/吨（ 1 - n ）段）
Which says the adjusted V ote for i tem i equals the vote marked on the ballot times the overall B udget divided by the T otal of all votes marked on the ballot.其中说，调整后的V手，因为我的TEM字母i等于投票，在选票上标明的总时间除以乙 udget 的 T otal的所有选票，在选票上标明。

Find median vote for each item.寻找中间表决的每个项目。
Total the medians for all items.总计中位数的所有项目。
If their total exceeds the overall budget, adjust each item using one of the two MVP formulas above.如果总额超过了其总预算，调整每个项目使用的两个最有价值球员公式以上。