投票规则 Accurate Democracy 准确的民主   Legislative Systems 立法制度 制定政策 Central Policies 中央政策 投票 Notes
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投票规则制定政策;孔规则

Policy Voting Notes政策投票笔记

制定政策与孔规则,本章内容

Stability Is Not Rigidity 稳定是不刚度

Some theorists have argued recently that the political balance should be poised on a knife edge, set to change quickly because policies must evolve by trial and error.  In their view, a central compromise is often 1 of the worst policies because it fails to resolve an issue's urgent decisions.有些理论家认为最近的政治平衡,应准备的刀口,将迅速改变,因为政策的发展必须通过试验和错误。在他们看来,一个中央1妥协往往是最严重的政策,因为它未能解决问题的紧急决定。

But while policy flip flops give new programs a chance to be tried, such brief, haphazard changes are not valid experiments.  A balanced council should let each side test its program on the issue or constituency where it has its strongest support.  Policies can evolve smoothly, although we rarely notice as it happens.但是,尽管政策翻转触发器提供新的节目有机会受到审判,这种短暂的,无计划的变化是不正确的实验。均衡安理会应让每一方的测试计划在这个问题上或选区的地方都有其最有力的支持。政策可以平滑演进,虽然我们很少注意,因为它发生。

Combining agenda rules with preference ballots will require experience and judgement. 结合议程规则偏好选票将需要的经验和判断。 Democracy needs a few groups to begin that experiment.民主需要几组,开始该实验。 A good synthesis would improve daily decisions by hundreds of councils.一个很好的合成将改善日常生活决定的数百理事会。

Some legislators, particularly those accustomed to ruling majorities, may require a synthesis of agenda rules with preference ballots before they will consider ensemble elections because those lead to open majorities.一些议员,特别是那些习惯于执政多数,可能需要一个综合的议程规则偏好选票,随后他们将考虑合奏选举,因为这些导致公开的多数。 They may fear an increase in deadlocks, and in killer or free-rider amendments if old rules of order are used when there is no ruling majority.它们会担心增加了僵局,并在杀手或搭便车修正案如果旧规则的治安,是用来在没有执政的多数。 Those are common problems in US legislatures with open majorities.这些都是常见的问题在美国国会与开放的多数。 其他政策法规